Water is a basic need for all living beings, it contributes to sustainable development. The management of water resources is a major challenge in the world and for most developing countries. This work proposes to evaluate the physico-chemical quality and the suitability for irrigation of the Tsiémé River in Brazzaville (Congo) during two seasons (dry season 2021 and rainy season 2022). Eight (08) water samples were taken, four times (04) samples per season and then analyzed by physico-chemical methods. The results obtained during the 2021 dry season and the 2022 rainy season revealed temperatures exceeding the WHO standard (25°C), very soft and sometimes turbid waters (8.02-214.00 NTU) with pH values oscillating between 5.61 and 7.73, a low concentration of major and minor ions which confirms the low mineralization of this river. These low levels of major and minor ions show that these waters benefit from the geology of the environment crossed. The dissolved organic carbon and suspended matter contents exceed the WHO guideline values. The projection of water points on Piper's triangular diagram essentially highlights two chemical families: sodium and potassium bicarbonate waters and sodium and potassium chloride waters; the schoeller diagram confirms the facies observed in the Piper diagram. The concentration average of absordable sodium, determined from the SAR, varies from 2.88 to 5.33 meq/L in the dry season and from 0.2 to 2.78 meq/L in the rainy season. These waters belong to class S1 (SAR < 10). The water from the Tsiémé River contains a low amount of sodium and can be used for irrigation in almost any soil without fear of difficulties arising from the alkalinization point of view. Thus, the irrigation indices reveal that the Tsiémé River is of fairly good quality for irrigation.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 12, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12 |
| Page(s) | 160-170 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group |
River Water, Seasonal Variation, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Suitability for Irrigation, Brazzaville, Congo
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APA Style
Martin, T., Promesse, M. N., Félicien, L. M. R., Bardoul, E. C. (2023). Seasonal Variation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Irrigation Suitability of the Waters of the Tsieme River in Brazzaville (Congo). American Journal of Environmental Protection, 12(6), 160-170. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12
ACS Style
Martin, T.; Promesse, M. N.; Félicien, L. M. R.; Bardoul, E. C. Seasonal Variation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Irrigation Suitability of the Waters of the Tsieme River in Brazzaville (Congo). Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2023, 12(6), 160-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12
AMA Style
Martin T, Promesse MN, Félicien LMR, Bardoul EC. Seasonal Variation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Irrigation Suitability of the Waters of the Tsieme River in Brazzaville (Congo). Am J Environ Prot. 2023;12(6):160-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12,
author = {Tchoumou Martin and Moussoki Nsona Promesse and Louzayadio Mvouezolo Raison Félicien and Engambe Christ Bardoul},
title = {Seasonal Variation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Irrigation Suitability of the Waters of the Tsieme River in Brazzaville (Congo)},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {160-170},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20231206.12},
abstract = {Water is a basic need for all living beings, it contributes to sustainable development. The management of water resources is a major challenge in the world and for most developing countries. This work proposes to evaluate the physico-chemical quality and the suitability for irrigation of the Tsiémé River in Brazzaville (Congo) during two seasons (dry season 2021 and rainy season 2022). Eight (08) water samples were taken, four times (04) samples per season and then analyzed by physico-chemical methods. The results obtained during the 2021 dry season and the 2022 rainy season revealed temperatures exceeding the WHO standard (25°C), very soft and sometimes turbid waters (8.02-214.00 NTU) with pH values oscillating between 5.61 and 7.73, a low concentration of major and minor ions which confirms the low mineralization of this river. These low levels of major and minor ions show that these waters benefit from the geology of the environment crossed. The dissolved organic carbon and suspended matter contents exceed the WHO guideline values. The projection of water points on Piper's triangular diagram essentially highlights two chemical families: sodium and potassium bicarbonate waters and sodium and potassium chloride waters; the schoeller diagram confirms the facies observed in the Piper diagram. The concentration average of absordable sodium, determined from the SAR, varies from 2.88 to 5.33 meq/L in the dry season and from 0.2 to 2.78 meq/L in the rainy season. These waters belong to class S1 (SAR < 10). The water from the Tsiémé River contains a low amount of sodium and can be used for irrigation in almost any soil without fear of difficulties arising from the alkalinization point of view. Thus, the irrigation indices reveal that the Tsiémé River is of fairly good quality for irrigation.
},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Variation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Irrigation Suitability of the Waters of the Tsieme River in Brazzaville (Congo) AU - Tchoumou Martin AU - Moussoki Nsona Promesse AU - Louzayadio Mvouezolo Raison Félicien AU - Engambe Christ Bardoul Y1 - 2023/11/17 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 160 EP - 170 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231206.12 AB - Water is a basic need for all living beings, it contributes to sustainable development. The management of water resources is a major challenge in the world and for most developing countries. This work proposes to evaluate the physico-chemical quality and the suitability for irrigation of the Tsiémé River in Brazzaville (Congo) during two seasons (dry season 2021 and rainy season 2022). Eight (08) water samples were taken, four times (04) samples per season and then analyzed by physico-chemical methods. The results obtained during the 2021 dry season and the 2022 rainy season revealed temperatures exceeding the WHO standard (25°C), very soft and sometimes turbid waters (8.02-214.00 NTU) with pH values oscillating between 5.61 and 7.73, a low concentration of major and minor ions which confirms the low mineralization of this river. These low levels of major and minor ions show that these waters benefit from the geology of the environment crossed. The dissolved organic carbon and suspended matter contents exceed the WHO guideline values. The projection of water points on Piper's triangular diagram essentially highlights two chemical families: sodium and potassium bicarbonate waters and sodium and potassium chloride waters; the schoeller diagram confirms the facies observed in the Piper diagram. The concentration average of absordable sodium, determined from the SAR, varies from 2.88 to 5.33 meq/L in the dry season and from 0.2 to 2.78 meq/L in the rainy season. These waters belong to class S1 (SAR < 10). The water from the Tsiémé River contains a low amount of sodium and can be used for irrigation in almost any soil without fear of difficulties arising from the alkalinization point of view. Thus, the irrigation indices reveal that the Tsiémé River is of fairly good quality for irrigation. VL - 12 IS - 6 ER -
Plant and Life Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo; Department of Chemistry, Marien NGOUABI University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
