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Assessment of Football Players Aerobic Endurance Using the Footeval Test: A Quasi-experimental Study Design

Received: 6 May 2023     Accepted: 24 May 2023     Published: 5 June 2023
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Abstract

Individual physical and physiological capabilities in football are key for players to be successful. Measuring and monitoring a player’s physical fitness is important and is achieved by football-specific tests which play a vital role in determining fitness levels for both individual and collective team behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the level of aerobic endurance among elite male football players at different play positions participating in the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ)/Eden University sponsored 2020/2021 National league season. The main instrument of data collection was the Footeval aerobic endurance test (FAET). Data was analyzed descriptively and compared using STATA version 13. One-way analysis of variance ANOVA was used to test the difference between the means of independent groups for independent variables at a statistical significance of 5%. Participants mean (±sd) of age, height, and body mass (BM) were 22.2 (±2) years, 1.70 (±6.62) m and 68.4 (±10.2) kg respectively. Their average physiological parameters were at least; resting heart rate (RHR) 48 b/min, maximum heart rate (MHR) 186 b/min, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) at 61.5 ml/kg/min for the whole population. This study demonstrated that volume of oxygen uptake gradually increased from the baseline to mid and all the way to post-test at different play positions amongst players. Adaptation of the test was therefore recommended for fitness evaluation and future research in aerobic endurance testing with focus on the current establishment of football in Zambia.

Published in International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12
Page(s) 15-21
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Footeval Test, Aerobic Endurance, Football, Fitness, Play Position, Maximum Oxygen Uptake, Body Mass

References
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[2] Carling, C., Gregson, W., McCall, A., Moreira, A., & del, W. (2015). Match running performance during fixture congestion in elite soccer: research issues and future directions. Sports Med, 45 (5), pp. 605-613. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015.
[3] Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, S., & Gudmundsson, A. (2004). Physical fitness, injuries, and team performance in soccer. Medicine Science Sports Exercise,.
[4] Pye, J., & Miller, T. (2012). National Strength and Conditioning Association. Tests and Assessment. Human Kinetics. Champagne, IL.
[5] Manouvrier, C., Cassirame, J., & Ahmaidi, S. (2016). Proposal for a Specific Aerobic Test for Football Players: The "Footeval. Journal of sports science & medicine, 15 (4), pp. 670-677.
[6] Léger, L. A., & Lambert, J. (1982). A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max',. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 49 (1), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.1007/bf00428958.
[7] Ziogas, G. G., Patras, K. N., Stergiou, N., & Georgoulis, A. D. (2011). Velocity at lactate threshold and running economy must also be considered along with maximal oxygen uptake when testing elite soccer players during preseason. J Strength Cond Res, 25 (2), pp. 414-419. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bac3b9.
[8] Dellal, A., Hill-Haas, S., L.-P., C, & Chamari, K. (2011). Small-sided games in soccer: amateur vs. professional players' physiological responses, physical, and technical activities. J Strength Cond Res, 25 (9), pp. 2371-2381. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b0.
[9] Bradley, P. S., Carling, C., Gomez Diaz, A., Hood, P., & Barnes, C. (2013). Match performance and physical capacity of players in the top three competitive standards of English professional soccer. Hum Mov Sci, 32 (4), pp. 808-821.
[10] Spencer, M., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., & Goodman, C. (n.d.). (2005) Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities: specific to field-based team sports. Sports Med, 35 (12), pp. 1025-1044. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535120-00003.
[11] Barnes, K. R., Hopkins, W. G., McGuigan, M. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2013). Effects of different uphill interval training programs on running economy and performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 8 (6), pp. 639-647. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.6.639.
[12] Mackenzie, B. (2005). 101 Performance Evaluation Tests. London.
[13] Stølen, T., K, C., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer, an update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536.
[14] Vanfraechem, J., & Tomas, M. (1993). Maximal aerobic power and ventilatory threshold of a top level soccer team. In T. Reilly, J. Clarys, A. Stibbe (Eds.). Science and football II (pp. 43-46), London, E&FN Spon.
[15] Ströyer, J., Hansen, L., & Klausen, K. (2011). Physiological profile and activity pattern of young soccer players during match play. Medicine Science Sports & Exercise, 36, 1, 168-174.
[16] Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., & O'Donoghue, P. (n.d.). Physical Demands of Different Positions in FA Premier League Soccer. Journal of Sports science & medicine, 6 (1), pp. 63-70.
[17] Reilly, T., & Thomas, V. (1978). Motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match-play. Journal Human Movement Studies, 2, 87-97.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Leonard Musenga Silungwe, Robinson Mambwe, Loveness Anila Nkhata. (2023). Assessment of Football Players Aerobic Endurance Using the Footeval Test: A Quasi-experimental Study Design. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 8(2), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12

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    ACS Style

    Leonard Musenga Silungwe; Robinson Mambwe; Loveness Anila Nkhata. Assessment of Football Players Aerobic Endurance Using the Footeval Test: A Quasi-experimental Study Design. Int. J. Sports Sci. Phys. Educ. 2023, 8(2), 15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12

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    AMA Style

    Leonard Musenga Silungwe, Robinson Mambwe, Loveness Anila Nkhata. Assessment of Football Players Aerobic Endurance Using the Footeval Test: A Quasi-experimental Study Design. Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ. 2023;8(2):15-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12,
      author = {Leonard Musenga Silungwe and Robinson Mambwe and Loveness Anila Nkhata},
      title = {Assessment of Football Players Aerobic Endurance Using the Footeval Test: A Quasi-experimental Study Design},
      journal = {International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education},
      volume = {8},
      number = {2},
      pages = {15-21},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsspe.20230802.12},
      abstract = {Individual physical and physiological capabilities in football are key for players to be successful. Measuring and monitoring a player’s physical fitness is important and is achieved by football-specific tests which play a vital role in determining fitness levels for both individual and collective team behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the level of aerobic endurance among elite male football players at different play positions participating in the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ)/Eden University sponsored 2020/2021 National league season. The main instrument of data collection was the Footeval aerobic endurance test (FAET). Data was analyzed descriptively and compared using STATA version 13. One-way analysis of variance ANOVA was used to test the difference between the means of independent groups for independent variables at a statistical significance of 5%. Participants mean (±sd) of age, height, and body mass (BM) were 22.2 (±2) years, 1.70 (±6.62) m and 68.4 (±10.2) kg respectively. Their average physiological parameters were at least; resting heart rate (RHR) 48 b/min, maximum heart rate (MHR) 186 b/min, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) at 61.5 ml/kg/min for the whole population. This study demonstrated that volume of oxygen uptake gradually increased from the baseline to mid and all the way to post-test at different play positions amongst players. Adaptation of the test was therefore recommended for fitness evaluation and future research in aerobic endurance testing with focus on the current establishment of football in Zambia.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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    T1  - Assessment of Football Players Aerobic Endurance Using the Footeval Test: A Quasi-experimental Study Design
    AU  - Leonard Musenga Silungwe
    AU  - Robinson Mambwe
    AU  - Loveness Anila Nkhata
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12
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    JF  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    JO  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    SP  - 15
    EP  - 21
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1611
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20230802.12
    AB  - Individual physical and physiological capabilities in football are key for players to be successful. Measuring and monitoring a player’s physical fitness is important and is achieved by football-specific tests which play a vital role in determining fitness levels for both individual and collective team behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the level of aerobic endurance among elite male football players at different play positions participating in the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ)/Eden University sponsored 2020/2021 National league season. The main instrument of data collection was the Footeval aerobic endurance test (FAET). Data was analyzed descriptively and compared using STATA version 13. One-way analysis of variance ANOVA was used to test the difference between the means of independent groups for independent variables at a statistical significance of 5%. Participants mean (±sd) of age, height, and body mass (BM) were 22.2 (±2) years, 1.70 (±6.62) m and 68.4 (±10.2) kg respectively. Their average physiological parameters were at least; resting heart rate (RHR) 48 b/min, maximum heart rate (MHR) 186 b/min, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) at 61.5 ml/kg/min for the whole population. This study demonstrated that volume of oxygen uptake gradually increased from the baseline to mid and all the way to post-test at different play positions amongst players. Adaptation of the test was therefore recommended for fitness evaluation and future research in aerobic endurance testing with focus on the current establishment of football in Zambia.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Physiotherapy, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

  • Department of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

  • Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

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